22.  The Jesuits at the Qing Court

Qing dynasty (1644-1911).  Manchu.

Concept: patronage

Early Qing emperors

•  Shunzhi 順治 1644 -1661

•  Kangxi 康熙 1662-1722

•  Yongzheng 雍正 1723 -1735

•  Qianlong 乾隆 1736 -1795

Jesuits at court

•  Matteo Ricci (1552-1610). See Athanasius Kircher (1602-1680).   Portraits of Fr. Matteo Ricci and Paulus Hsu .   In China Illustrata, 1677.   (fig. 9-45)

•  Ferdinand Verbiest (1623-1688)

•  Guiseppe Castiglione (1688-1766)

Circulation of European images throughout China:

•  Nadal's life of Christ, Evangelicae Historiae Imagines. 1593.   Translated and republished in China. Pictures copied in an ink-cake catalog, Master Cheng's Ink Garden (fig. 9-17)

•  Gong Xian (c. 1617-89). A Thousand Peaks and Myriad Ravines.   Ink on paper, Rietberg Museum, Zürich. (fig. 9-28)

Compare with Braun and Hogenberg.   Mount Saint Adrian.  

•  Luo Ping 罗 聘 (1733-1799).   Ghost Amusement.   1797.   Handscroll, ink, color, paper; 10 1/2” x 8'4” (fig. 9-31)

Compare wih European etchings of skeletons

Qing Court Painting

portraiture and masquerade

•  Guiseppe Castiglione (1688-1766).   Chinese name Lang Shining 郎世寧 (“Generation of Peace” or “World of Peace”).   Portraits of the Yongzheng (r. 1723-35) and Qianlong (r. 1736-95) emperors, including Qianlong Emperor Receiving Tribute Horses from the Kazaks . 1757. (fig. 9-33)

•  Anonymous.  Yongzheng beauties. 1709-1723.   Hanging scrolls originally mounted as twelve panels of a screen.   Ink, color, silk; 6' x 38 5/8” (fig. 9-1)

documentation

Wu Bin 吳彬 An artist working both for the Ming court and for patrons and institutions (such a Buddhist temples) outside it, in Nanjing and Beijing.   Record of the Year's Holidays. c. 1600. Twelve-leaf album. Ink, color, silk; each leaf 11 5/8 x 27 1/2” (fig. 9-11)

Leng Mei 冷枚 (ca. 1677-1742 or later).   Landscape. Compare with “View of Frankfurt,” Civitates Orbis Terrarum (imported into China by 1608).