The Qin/Han Unification of China

I. Description

In geography and cultural advances, the Chinese realm ofthe Han Dynasty surpassed its predecessors and numbers among the world's greatest empires. This course gives precedence to the foundational philosophies of that empire, examining the Han heritage of ancient thought through a selection of primary texts including the Confucian Analects, the Daodejing, the Yijing, and the historical narrative tradition of Sima Qian's Shiji. It will sample cultural expression ranging from the literary disourse of poetry to the religious endeavors manifested in the emperor's own feng shan sacrifices. Alongside textual studies, this course will also explore the Han's physical remains, including the ruins of its capitals, the Wu Liang shrine, and important tombs. Throughout these textual and physical materials, the Han empire portrays itself as a territorial, political, and cultural unifier, and it sets the benchmark against which all later dynasties must measure themselves.

II. Requirements

1. Reading and pondering all assigned readings before conferences. (This will include regularly writing one-page reading responses or discussion questions in some sections.) Active and substantive conference participation.
2. Attending all lectures (which also means keeping 11:00-11:50 a.m. open on Wednesdays and Fridays for additional lectures or activities).
3. Three short (5-7 pages) analytical papers, deadlines to be set by conference leaders.
4. One group project (to be designed by individual conference leaders).

III. Faculty

IV. Reading schedule

Note: All starred items are supplementary readings.

Week 1:  Positioning the Han in time

Wednesday (3 September) lecturer: K.E. Brashier

Lewis, Mark E. "Introduction," and "The geography of empire." Pp. 1-29 in The early Chinese empires: Qin and Han. Cambridge: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 2007. (Text)

"Classic of Poetry CCXLV 'She bore the folk'." Pp. 11-14 in An anthology of Chinese literature: Beginnings to 1911. Stephen Owen, ed. & trans. New York: Norton, 1996. (Text)

"The concept and marking of time." Pp. 351-352 in Vol 1 of Sources of Chinese tradition. Revised edition. Wm. Theodore de Bary & Irene Bloom, compilers. New York: Columbia University Press, 1999. (Library Reserves: DS721 D37 1999 v.1)

Ssu-ma Ch'ien [Sima Qian]. "The five emperors, basic annals 1." Pp. 1-19 in The Grand Scribe's records. Vol 1, The basic annals of pre-Han China. William H. Nienhauser, Jr., ed. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1994. (E-Reserves & Library Reserves)

"Ancient sovereigns." Pp. 244-252 in "Appendix A: Inscriptions, iconography and literary sources." Wu, Hung. The Wu Liang shrine. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1989. (Reserves: NB1280 W77 1989)

Week 2:  Han shi-poetry

Monday (8 September) lecturer: Hyong Rhew

Lewis, Mark E. "Literature." Pp. 206-226 in The early Chinese empires: Qin and Han. Cambridge: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 2007. (Text)

"Using the poems and early interpretation." Pp. 58-76 in An anthology of Chinese literature: Beginnings to 1911. Stephen Owen, ed. & trans. New York: Norton, 1996. (Text)

"Sheng min Shi jing (Classic of poetry), Mao 245: 'Birth of the people'." Pp. 11-40, 261 in Ways with words: Writing about reading texts from early China. Pauline Yu, et al, eds. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2000. (Reserves Z1003.5.C45 W39 2000)

"The Classic of poetry: Beginnings." Pp. 10-29 in An anthology of Chinese literature: Beginnings to 1911. Stephen Owen, ed. & trans. New York: Norton, 1996. (Text)

"The Classic of poetry: 'Airs'." Pp. 30-57 in An anthology of Chinese literature: Beginnings to 1911. Stephen Owen, ed. & trans. New York: Norton, 1996. (Text)

"Yue-fu." Pp. 227-237 in An anthology of Chinese literature: Beginnings to 1911. Stephen Owen, ed. & trans. New York: Norton, 1996. (Text)

"The beginnings of classical poetry." Pp. 249-62 in An anthology of Chinese literature: Beginnings to 1911. Stephen Owen, ed. & trans. New York: Norton, 1996. (Text)

*Owen, Stephen. Traditional Chinese poetry and poetics: Omen of the world. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1985, chaps. 1-3. (Reserves:PL2307 .O89 1985)

*Murray, Julia. Ma Hezhi and the illustration of the Book of odes. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1993. (Reserve: ND1049 M34 M87 1993)

Week 3:  The Classicist / Confucian tradition

Monday (15 September) lecturer: Douglas Fix

Confucius. Confucius Analects: With selection from traditional commentaries. Edward Slingerland, trans. Indianapolis: Hackett, 2003. (Text)

Szuma Chien [Sima Qian]. "Confucius" [Shi ji 47]. Pp. 1-27 in Selections from Records of the historian, Yang Hsien-yi and Gladys Yang, trans. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press, 1979. (Reserves: DS735.A2 S63213 1979)

*A.C. Graham. "A conservative reaction: Confucius." Pp. 9-33 in Disputers of the Tao: Philosophical argument in ancient China. La Salle, IL: Open Court, 1989. (Reserves: B127.T3 G69 1989)

*Confucius. The Analects. D.C. Lau, trans. Bilingual edition. Hong Kong: Chinese University Press, 1992. (Reserves: PL2478 L5 1992)

Week 4:  The Daoist response

Monday (22 September) lecturer: K.E. Brashier

Lau Tzu [Laozi]. Tao te ching. D.C. Lau, trans. New York: Penguin, 1963. Or bilingual edition of this text, published by Chinese University Press, 1989. (Text)

Zhuangzi. "Of swords," "Heaven's motions," and "Discourse on thinking of things as being on the same level." Pp. 104-110, 113-122 in An anthology of Chinese literature: Beginnings to 1911. Stephen Owen, ed. & trans. New York: Norton, 1996. (Text)

Kohn, Livia. "The Lao-tzu myth." Pp. 41-62 in Lao-tzu and the Tao-te-ching. L. Kohn & M. LaFargue, eds. Albany: SUNY Press, 1998. (E-Reserves)

LaFargue, Michael. "Recovering the Tao-te-ching's original meaning: Some remarks on historical hermeneutics." Pp. 255-275 in Lao-tzu and the Tao-te-ching. L. Kohn & M. LaFargue, eds. Albany: SUNY Press, 1998. (E-Reserves)

Graham, A.C. "Lao-tzu's Taoism: The art of ruling by spontaneity." Pp. 215-235 in Disputers of the Tao: Philosophical argument in ancient China. La Salle, IL: Open Court, 1989. (Reserves: B127.T3 G69 1989)

Week 5:  Qin Shihuang and the reality of unity

Monday (29 September) lecturer: Lisa Claypool

Lewis, Mark E. "A state organized for war," "The paradoxes of empire" and “Law.” Pp. 30-74 and 227-252 in The early Chinese empires: Qin and Han. Cambridge: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 2007. (Text)

Hsün Tzu [Xunzi]. "The regulations of a king" and "Debating military affairs." Pp. 33-78 in Hsün Tzu: Basic writings. Burton Watson, trans. New York: Columbia University Press, 1996. (Text)

"Han Feizi." Pp. 295-344 in Readings in classical Chinese philosophy. P. Ivanhoe & B. van Norden, eds. New York: Seven Bridges Press, 2001. (E-Reserves & Reserves)

Qin Shihuang terra cotta soldiers: An image set (website): URL:
http://academic.reed.edu/chinese/chin-hum/terracotta/index.html

Sima Qian. "The annals of Qin." The first emperor: 'Historical records'. New edition. Raymond Dawson, translator; K.E. Brashier, preface. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2007. (Text)

Wu Hung. "On tomb figurines: The beginning of a visual tradition." Pp. 13-47 in Body and face in Chinese visual culture. Wu Hung and Katherine R Tsiang, eds. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2005. (E-Reserves & Reserves)

*Ledderose, Lothar. "A magic army for the emperor." Pp. 50-73 in Ten thousand things: Module and mass production in Chinese art. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2000. (Reserves)

*Kesner, Ladislav. "Likeness of no one: (Re-)presenting the First Emperor's army." Art Bulletin 77, i (March 1995): 115-132. (JSTOR)

*Zhongguo kaogu wenwu zhi mei. Qin huang ling di xia jun tuan: Shanxi Lintong bing ma yong (7). Beijing: Wenwu, 1994. (Reserves: DS793 .S44 C55 1994)

*"Book Nine: The art of rulership." Pp. 167-209 in The art of rulership: A study of ancient Chinese political thought. Roger T. Ames, trans. Albany: SUNY Press, 1994. (Reserves: BL1900.H824 E5 1994)

Week 6:  Classical historiography and narratives

Monday (6 October) lecturer: Douglas Fix

"Early narratives," and "Early political oratory." Pp. 77-101, 124-134 in An anthology of Chinese literature: Beginnings to 1911. Stephen Owen, ed. & trans. New York: Norton, 1996. (Text)

Sima Qian. The first emperor: 'Historical records'. New edition. Raymond Dawson, translator; K.E. Brashier, introduction. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2007. (Text)

Sima Qian. "Letter in reply to Ren An." Pp. 135-142 in An anthology of Chinese literature: Beginnings to 1911. Stephen Owen, ed. & trans. New York: Norton, 1996. (Text)

Ssu-ma Ch'ien [Sima Qian]. "The biography of Ssu-ma Ch'ien: Shih Chi 130: The postface of the Grand Historian." Pp. 40-57, 67-69, 202-221 in Ssu-ma Ch'ien: Grand Historian of China. Burton Watson, trans. New York: Columbia University Press, 1958. (E-Reserves)

"Assassin-retainers." Pp. 310-327 in "Appendix A: Inscriptions, iconography and literary sources." Wu, Hung. The Wu Liang shrine. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1989. (Reserves: NB1280 W77 1989)

Szuma Chien [Sima Qian]. "The assassins" [Shiji 86]. Pp. 385-402 in Selections from Records of the historian, Yang Hsien-yi and Gladys Yang, trans. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press, 1979. (Reserves: DS735.A2 S63213 1979)

*The Grand Scribe's records. William H. Nienhauser, Jr., ed. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1994. (Reserves: DS741.3 .S6813 1994 v.1, 2, 5:1, 7)

*Sima Qian. Historical records. Raymond Dawson, trans. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1994. (Reserves: DS741.3 S68213 1994)

*Sima Qian. Records of the Grand Historian, Qin Dynasty. Burton Watson, trans. New York: Columbia University Press, 1993. (Reserves: DS741.3 S67813 1993)

Week 7:  Han rituals – Discovering or imposing unity?

Monday (13 October) lecturer: K.E. Brashier
Friday (17 October) lecturer: Hyong Rhew (Ritual and the Yijing)

"Social rituals" [from the Yili]. Pp. 42-45 in Chinese civilization: A sourcebook. Patricia Ebrey, ed. New York: The Free Press, 1993. (Reserves: DS721 .C517 1993)

Hsün Tzu [Xunzi]. "A discussion of Heaven," "A discussion of rites," "A discussion of music," and "Man's nature is evil." Pp. 79-120, 157-171 in Hsün Tzu: Basic writings. Burton Watson, trans. New York: Columbia University Press, 1996. (Text)

Sima Qian. "Shi ji 99: Biography of Shusun Tong." Pp. 240-246 in Vol 1 of Records of the Grand Historian. Han Dynasty. Burton Watson, trans. New York: Columbia University Press, 1993. (Reserves: DS741.3 .S68213 1993 v.1)

Sima Qian. "Shi ji 28: Treatise on the feng and shan sacrifices." Pp. 3-52 in Vol 2 of Records of the grand historian. Han dynasty. Burton Watson, trans. New York: Columbia University Press, 1993. (Reserves: DS741.3 .S68213 1993 v. 2)

Ma Dibo. "Record of the feng and shan sacrifices." Pp. 251-260 in Religions of China in practice. Stephen Bokenkamp, trans. & Donald Lopez, ed. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1996. (E-Reserves)

*Fingarette, Herbert. Confucius–the secular as sacred. New York: Harper & Row, 1972, chaps 1 & 2. (Reserves: B128.C8 F48 1972)

Fall break

Week 8:  The Yijing

Monday (27 October) lecturer: Hyong Rhew

"Han views of the universal order." Pp. 346-351 in Vol 1 of Sources of Chinese tradition. Revised edition. Wm. Theodore de Bary and Irene Bloom, compilers. New York: Columbia University Press, 1999. (Reserves: DS721 .D37 1999 v.1)

"Introduction" and "Explaining the trigrams [Shuo gua]." Pp. 1-23, 119-126 in The Classic of changes: A new translation of the I Ching as interpreted by Wang Bi. Richard Lynn, translator. New York: Columbia University Press, 1994. (Text)

Hexagram 11 (Tai [Peace]). Pp. 205-211 in The Classic of changes: A new translation of the I Ching as interpreted by Wang Bi. Richard Lynn, translator. New York: Columbia University Press, 1994. (Text)

The following additional thirteen hexagrams in The Classic of changes: A new translation of the I Ching as interpreted by Wang Bi. (Text):

"Commentary on the appended phrases [Xici zhuan]." Pp. 47-101 in The Classic of changes: A new translation of the I Ching as interpreted by Wang Bi. Richard Lynn, translator. New York: Columbia University Press, 1994. (Text)

*The I Ching or Book of changes. Richard Wilhelm & Cary Baynes, trans. 3rd edition. Princeton: Princeton University Press, c1967. (Reserves: PL2478 D8 1977)

Week 9:  Early Chinese cosmology and the idea of unity

Monday (3 November) lecturer: K.E. Brashier

Roth, Harold. Original Tao: Inward training (Nei yeh) and the foundations of Taoist mysticism. New York: Columbia University Press, 1999. (Text)

"Dong Zhongshu." Pp. 292-310 in Vol 1 of Sources of Chinese tradition. Revised edition. Wm. Theodore de Bary and Irene Bloom, compilers. New York: Columbia University Press, 1999. (Reserves: DS721 .D37 1999 v.1)

"Yin yang Confucianism: Tung Chung-shu." Pp. 271-288 in A source book in Chinese philosophy. Wing-tsit Chan, trans. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1963. (Reserves: B125 . C45)

Ban Gu's catalogue of human-heaven resonance (from Han shu 27). K.E. Brashier, translator. (E-Reserves)

*"Omens." Pp. 234-244 in "Appendix A: Inscriptions, iconography and literary sources." The Wu Liang shrine. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1989. (Reserves: NB1280 W77 1989)

*Major, John S. "Huainanzi Chapter 3: Tianwenxun 'The treatise on the patterns of heaven'." Pp. 55-139 in Heaven and earth in early Han thought. Albany: SUNY Press, 1993. (Reserves: BL1900.H824 E5 1993)

Week 10:  Peering into the afterlife

Monday (10 November) lecturer: Lisa Claypool
Thursday (13 November, 6 p.m.) trip to Portland Art Museum

Lewis, Mark E. "Religion." Pp. 178-205 in The early Chinese empires: Qin and Han. Cambridge: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 2007. (Text)

Mawangdui banner and coffin: An image set (website): URL:
http://academic.reed.edu/chinese/chin-hum/mawangdui/index.html

The Hunan Provincial Museum’s website:
http://www.hnmuseum.com/hnmuseum/eng/whatson/exhibition/mwd.jsp?columnid=011178695b56402884831159777c0526&preid=010f36b1fa9a402881b70f369d460013
FU Juyou & Chen Songchang. "A comprehensive introduction about the cultural relics unearthed from the Han tombs at Mawangdui." Pp. 13-28 in Vol 2 of Mawangdui Han mu wen wu [The cultural relics unearthed from Han tombs at Mawangdui (in two volumes)]. Fu Juyou, Chen Songchang, compilers. Changsha: Hunan, 1992. (E-Reserves & Reserves)

"Calling back the soul." Pp. 204-214 in An anthology of Chinese literature: Beginnings to 1911. Stephen Owen, ed. & trans. New York: Norton, 1996. (Text)

Poo Mu-chou. "Ideas concerning death and burial in pre-Han and Han China." Asia Major 3rd ser. 3, ii (1990): 25-62. (E-reserves)

Wu Hung. "Art in a ritual context: Rethinking Mawangdui." Early China 17 (1992): 111-144. (E-Reserves)

Wu Hung. "On tomb figurines: The beginning of a visual tradition." Pp. 13-47 in Body and face in Chinese visual culture. Wu Hung and Katherine R Tsiang, eds. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2005. (E-Reserves & Reserves)

Brashier, K.E. "Han thanatology and the division of 'souls'." Early China 21 (1996): 125-158. (E-Reserves)

*Loewe, Michael. "The painting from tomb no. 1, Ma-wang-tui." Pp. 17-59, 136-143 in Ways to paradise: The Chinese quest for immortality. London: George Allen & Unwin, 1979. (E-Reserves)

*"Death and transcendence" and "Protective talismans." Pp. 140-166 in Readings in Han Chinese thought. Mark Csikszentmihalyi, trans. Indianapolis: Hackett, 2006 (Reserves B126 R433 2006)

*Yü Ying-shih. "'O soul, come back!' A study in the changing concepts of the soul and afterlife in pre-Buddhist China." Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies 47, ii (1987): 363-395. (JSTOR)

*Mysterious spirits, strange beasts, earthly delights:Early Chinese art from the Arlene and Harold Schnitzer collection. Donald Jenkins, ed. Portland: Portland Art Museum, 2005. (Reserves: N7343.23 J46 2005)

*Mawangdui Han mu wen wu [The cultural relics unearthed from Han tombs at Mawangdui (in two volumes)]. Fu Juyou, Chen Songchang, compilers. Chang-sha: Hu-nan, 1992. (Reserves: DS796.C3547 F834 1992b v.1, v.2)

*Zhongguo kao gu wen wu zhi mei. Hui huang bu xiu Han zhen bao: Hunan Changsha Mawangdui xi Han mu (8). Beijing: Wenwu, 1994. (Reserves: Oversize DS796.C25 H95 1994)

*Thorp, Robert and Richard Vinograd. "The first empires: Qin and Han." Chinese art & culture. New York: Abrams, 2001. (Reserves: NX583.A1 T49 2001)

Week 11:  Chuci and Han fu

Monday (17 November) lecturer: Alexei Ditter 

Lewis, Mark E. "Imperial cities." Pp. 75-101 in The early Chinese empires: Qin and Han. Cambridge: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 2007. (Text)

"Early political oratory." Pp. 124-134 in An anthology of Chinese literature: Beginnings to 1911. Stephen Owen, ed. & trans. New York: Norton, 1996. (Text)

"The Li sao." Pp. 155-6, 162-175 in An anthology of Chinese literature: Beginnings to 1911. Stephen Owen, ed. & trans. New York: Norton, 1996. (Text)

Sima Qian. "Shi ji 84: The biographies of Qu Yuan and Master Jia." Pp. 435-452 in Vol 1 of Records of the Grand Historian. Han Dynasty. Burton Watson, trans. New York: Columbia University Press, 1993. (Reserves: DS741.3 .S68213 1993 v. 1)

"The wind," and "Jia Yi, 'The poetic exposition on the owl'." Pp. 102-104, 110-113 in An anthology of Chinese literature: Beginnings to 1911. Stephen Owen, ed. & trans. New York: Norton, 1996. (Text)

Sima Qian. "Shi ji 117: Biography of Sima Xiangru." Pp. 259-306 in Vol 2 of Records of the Grand Historian. Han Dynasty. Burton Watson, trans. New York: Columbia University Press, 1993. (Reserves: DS741.3 .S68213 1993 v. 2)

Ban Mengjian [Ban Gu]. "Two capitals rhapsody." Pp. 93-180 (odd-numbered pages only) in Vol 1 of Wen xuan, or, Selections of refined literature. Xiao Tong, compiler & David R. Knechtges, trans. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1982. (E-Reserves & Reserves)

*"Sima Xiang-ru (179-117 B.C.). 'The great one'." Pp. 181-184 in An anthology of Chinese literature: Beginnings to 1911. Stephen Owen, ed. & trans. New York: Norton, 1996. (Text)

*Schinz, Alfred. The magic square: Cities in ancient China. Stuttgart: Axel Menges, 1996. (Reserves: Oversize HT147.C48 S345 1996)

Week 12:  Filiality in the Han

Monday (24 November) lecturer: Lisa Claypool

Wu Hung. "Voices of funerary monuments." Pp. 224-38 in Monumentality in early Chinese art and architecture. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1995. (E-Reserves)

Wu Hung. "Filial sons and virtuous men" (pp. 272-305); "Wise ministers" (pp. 305-310). In "Appendix A: Inscriptions, iconography and literary sources." The Wu Liang shrine. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1989. (Reserves: NB1280 W77 1989)

The Hsiao Ching. Mary Makra, trans. New York: St. John's University Press, 1961. (E-Reserves)

*Wu Hung. The Wu Liang shrine. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1989. (Reserves: NB1280 W77 1989)

*Recarving China's past: Art, architecture and archaeology of the 'Wu Family shrines'. Cary Y. Liu, et al, eds. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2005. (Reserves: NB1665 L58 2005)

*Powers, Martin J. Art & political expression in early China. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1991. (Reserves: NB1880.C6 P68 1991)

Week 13:  Gendered remembrance

Monday (1 December) lecturer: Douglas Fix

Lewis, Mark E. "Kinship." Pp. 155-177 in The early Chinese empires: Qin and Han. Cambridge: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 2007. (Text)

"Fig. 66. Positions of the carvings of virtuous women in the Wu Liang Ci." P. 171 in : Wu Hung. The Wu Liang shrine. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1989. (Reserves: NB1280 W77 1989)

"Eminent women." Pp. 252-272 in "Appendix A: Inscriptions, iconography and literary sources." Wu, Hung. The Wu Liang shrine. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1989. (Reserves: NB1280 W77 1989)

"Women on and behind the throne: Ban Zhao." Pp. 17-42 in The red brush: Writing women of imperial China. Wilt Idema and Beata Grant, eds. Cambridge: Harvard University Asia Center, 2004. (E-Reserves & Reserves)

Pan Ku [Ban Gu]. "The beautiful companion Pan, concubine of Emperor Ch'eng." Pp. 261-265 in Courtier and commoner in ancient China: Selections from the History of the Former Han. Burton Watson, trans. New York: Columbia University Press, 1974. (E-Reserves)

*Pan Chao [Ban Zhao]. "Pan Chao's perfected woman." Pp. 105-112 in Chinese religion: An anthology of sources. Deborah Sommer, ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1995. (Reserves: BL1802 .C5477 1995)

*LIU Xiang. Lie nü zhuan [The biographies of eminent women], selections from: The position of woman in early China according to the Lieh nü chuan, "The biographies of eminent Chinese women". Abert O'hara, ed. Westport: Hyperion Press, 1981, c1945. (E-reserves, Reserves: HQ1767 L5813 1980)

*Gu Kaizhi and the Admonitions scroll. Shane McCausland, ed. London: British Museum Press, 2003. (Reserve: ND2070 G8 A634 2003)

*Images of women in Chinese thought and culture: Writings from the pre-Qin period through the Song Dynasty. Robin Wang, ed. Indianapolis: Hackett, 2003. (Reserves: HQ1767 W384 2003)

*Wu Hung. The Wu Liang shrine. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1989. (Reserves: NB1280 W77 1989)

*Recarving China's past: Art, architecture and archaeology of the 'Wu Family shrines'. Cary Y. Liu, et al, editors. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2005. (Reserves: NB1665 L58 2005)

*Powers, Martin J. Art & political expression in early China. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1991. (Reserves: NB1880.C6 P68 1991)

Week 14:  The Han “other” – Cultures surrounding and defining the new empire

Monday (8 December) lecturer: Douglas Fix

Lewis, Mark E. "The outer world" and "Conclusion." Pp. 128-154, 253-264 in The early Chinese empires: Qin and Han. Cambridge: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 2007. (Text)

Sima, Qian. "Account of the Xiongnu" and "Account of Southern Yue (et al)."  Pp. 129-162, 207-58 in Vol 2 of Records of the Grand Historian. Han Dynasty. Burton Watson, trans. New York: Columbia University Press, 1993. (E-Reserves)

"Tang literature of the frontier." Pp. 459-477 in An anthology of Chinese literature: Beginnings to 1911. Stephen Owen, ed. & trans. New York: Norton, 1996. (Text)

V. Additional image reserves

The following supplemental texts, all anthologies of artifact images from recent archeological digs in China, have been placed on reserve in the library for your use.

Zhongguo kaogu wenwu zhi mei. Zhan guo Xianyu ling mu qi zhen: Hebei Pingshan Zhongshan guo wang mu (6). Beijing: Wenwu, 1994. Subject: Warring States period – Tombs – China – Pingshan Xian (Hebei Province). (Reserves: Oversize DS793.H66 C35 1994)

Zhongguo kaogu wenwu zhi mei. Ling nan Xi Han wen wu bao ku: Guangzhou Nanyue wang mu (9). Beijing: Wenwu, 1994. Subject: Western Han – Tombs – China – Guangdong Province. (Reserves: Oversize DS793 K7 L56 1994)

Zhongguo kaogu wenwu zhi mei. Zhan guo di xia yue gong: Hubei Sui xian Zeng hou Yi mu (5). Beijing: Wenwu, 1994. Subject: Warring States period – Tombs – China – Suizhou – Yi, Zeng hou, 5th cent. B.C. (Reserves: Oversize DS796.S68 C35 1994)

Zhongguo kaogu wenwu zhi mei. Chun qiu Jin guo qing tong bao zang: Shanxi Taiyuan Zhao qing mu (4). Beijing: Wenwu, 1994. Subject: Spring & Autumn [Chunqiu] period – Tombs – China – Taiyuan (Shanxi Province). (Reserves: Oversize DS796.T35 C95 1994)

Mysterious spirits, strange beasts, earthly delights: Early Chinese art from the Arlene and Harold Schnitzer collection. Donald Jenkins, ed. Portland: Portland Art Museum, 2005. (Reserves: N7343.23 J46 2005)